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Company Description
Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).
Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational innovation company specializing in Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (via Baidu Search), and offers a variety of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation forum).
Besides its core internet search service, Baidu has diversified into numerous high-growth areas. The business is a leading gamer in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever customer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is among the couple of tech business worldwide to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, foundation models, and applications. [5]
The holding business of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was integrated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]
In December 2007, Baidu became the very first Chinese business to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually progressively concentrated on generative AI related items. [13]
The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157
Early development
In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped develop software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with establishing better algorithms for search engines and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.
In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received a United States patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first search engine that utilized hyperlinks to determine the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search system as “link analysis,” which included ranking the appeal of a web site based upon the number of other websites had connected to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm used by Google two years later in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex innovation for the Baidu search engine.
Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed marketers to bid for advertisement space then pay Baidu each time a customer clicked an ad, predating Google’s technique to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu introduced a news search engine and photo search engine, adopting an unique recognition innovation capable of determining and organizing the posts. [23]
2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ
Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]
In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the online search engine to become a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to provide its own reports, besides showing certain outcomes as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese online search engine to get such a license. [25]
Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s first regular service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]
On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would coordinate with Sina to provide mobile search results. [28]
On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to offer totally free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]
On 2 August 2013, Baidu released its Personal Assistant app, created to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar workers manage their service relationships. [30]
On 16 May 2014, Baidu selected Dr. Andrew Ng as chief scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]
On 18 July 2014, the business launched a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]
On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]
2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business
In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving car platform, in a quote to assist drive the development of autonomous vehicles consisting of car platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to introduce this job in July 2017, before gradually introducing completely self-governing driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu launched a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as lots of as 100 autonomous driving projects over the occurring three years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was likewise released. [37]
In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, auto industry providers, on automated driving and linked cars. [38]
In July 2017, Baidu GBU got in into a partnership with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s official advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]
In September 2017, Baidu presented a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in numerous various languages. Smaller than a normal smartphone, the 140-gram translation gadget can also be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to operate on networks in 80 nations. It is still under development. Baidu will also be placing expert system (AI) innovation into smartphones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the same period, it has actually also led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]
In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would introduce self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu announced that its first yearly Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, uniting Baidu executives, workers, partners, developers, and media to talk about the company’s objective and method, innovation advancements, new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) environment. [48]
China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281
In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU business” portion of its abroad organization, which developed a series of energy apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This service now operates separately of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]
2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing
In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong because JD.com’s listing the previous June.
In August 2021 Baidu revealed a new Robocar principle said to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise comes with the most recent second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to offer predictive tips to proactively serve the requirements of guests.
In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electric vehicle business originally backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its very first concept ROBO-01 in the type of a pre-production lorry. The ROBO-01 rides on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric vehicle platform established by Geely Holding. [53]
In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a newer variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]
As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had actually finished six million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis across 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]
Domain name redirection attack
On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the appropriate site unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were met a page stating “This website has been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by attacking Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on released legal action against Register.com for gross carelessness after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel altered the email address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed person, in spite of failing security confirmation procedures. Once the address had been altered, the individual was able to utilize the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent directly to them, enabling them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The lawsuit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]
Baidu employees jailed
On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three employees of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted allurements. The kickbacks were supposedly paid for erasing posts from the forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]
91 Wireless acquisition
On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intent to acquire 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, but it has actually been reported that the app store faces personal privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a conclusive merger agreement to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the biggest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]
Name
The name Baidu (百度) literally implies “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “countless times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having searched numerous times in the crowd, suddenly turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]
Services
Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements
Baidu’s main advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and is comparable to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that allows advertisers to have their advertisements revealed in Baidu search engine result pages and on other websites that belong to Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are likewise based on payments by advertisers. This has actually triggered criticism and suspicion amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems relating to dependability of Baidu outcomes. Often as lots of as the very first 2 pages of search results tend to be paid advertisers. [71]
Baidu sells its marketing items via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it for non-Chinese speakers to use. In 2012, a third-party business developed a tool with an interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a signed up business address either in China or in defined East Asian countries. [75]
Competition
Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.
Baidu is the most secondhand search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]
In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal post, [78] Baidu played down its gain from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of income in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study firm Analysys International.
It is also apparent that Baidu is attempting to go into the Internet social media market. Since 2011 [upgrade], it is going over the possibility of working with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese variation of the international social media network, handled by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if executed, would face off Baidu with competitors from the 3 popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] in addition to induce competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]
On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]
By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]
In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have used anticompetitive strategies in Brazil against the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]
In an ongoing competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]
Research and patents
Baidu has started to invest in deep knowing research study and is integrating brand-new deep knowing technology into a few of its apps and items, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]
In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live applied for a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” technology. This technology instantly scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and recognizes and removes material that may breach copyright law. This enables Baidu to provide an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]
In April 2022, Baidu announced they acquired authorizations from China to offer the very first driverless taxis. The company objective to supply driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 autonomous vehicles set to begin using rides to passengers within a 23-square-mile area in rural start beginning 28 April 2022. [91]
In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless car that is prepared to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]
According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed sites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]
In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it carries out in accord with the need of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu can obstruct works from its question results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a claim that looked for to penalize the company. [96] [97]
In 2017, Baidu started coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet cops departments to identify info associated to “anti-government rumors” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and devices with alerts eliminating false information.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, big data and expert system. [98]
As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, in addition to other Internet companies, to “carry out special guidance” on news and info related to the illness. [99]
In November 2022, Sustainalytics reduced Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]
Controversies
Death of Wei Zexi
In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search engine result apparently added to the death of a trainee who attempted a speculative cancer treatment he discovered online. The 21-year-old university student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was diagnosed with synovial sarcoma, an unusual type of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the health center had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved unsuccessful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]
After Wei’s family invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the hospital, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The incident activated massive online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading watchdog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report declared medical advertising makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement income, much of which comes from for-profit medical facilities that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of medical facilities across the country founded by medical business owners associated with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to impose several restrictions on Baidu, consisting of adding disclaimers to advertising content and developing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mainly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to proclaim that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]
Commercialization of Tieba
Baidu offered the hemophilia online neighborhood, one of the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified medical facilities. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will completely stop commercial cooperation and will only be open to authoritative public welfare organizations. In reaction to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that private medical facilities have actually gone into a period of industry improvement and updating, and are neither reliant on posting bar ads nor counting on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative effect on the industry. [108]
DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps
On 20 April 2019, it was reported that numerous applications for Android gadgets established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running profits improving background programs on user devices given that at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications developed by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking internet ads – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase earnings created by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were readily available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user ranking of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]
Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]
Block in India
In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was among numerous Chinese sites that were prohibited or blocked in India for national security factors. [119]
2024 head of communications controversy
In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered significant reactions throughout the Chinese social media for endorsing poisonous workplace culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day company journey during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually excited further discussions amongst Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu freely asked forgiveness after the event and has actually apparently lost her job. Baidu’s stock rate fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]
Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Copyright in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of online search engine.
List of online search engine by popularity.
China.
Companies.
Internet.
Technology.
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Further reading
– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.